7,063 research outputs found
Canonical Quantization of Spherically Symmetric Dust Collapse
Quantum gravity effects are likely to play a crucial role in determining the
outcome of gravitational collapse during its final stages. In this contribution
we will outline a canonical quantization of the LeMaitre-Tolman-Bondi models,
which describe the collapse of spherical, inhomogeneous, non-rotating dust.
Although there are many models of gravitational collapse, this particular class
of models stands out for its simplicity and the fact that both black holes and
naked singularity end states may be realized on the classical level, depending
on the initial conditions. We will obtain the appropriate Wheeler-DeWitt
equation and then solve it exactly, after regularization on a spatial lattice.
The solutions describe Hawking radiation and provide an elegant microcanonical
description of black hole entropy, but they raise other questions, most
importantly concerning the nature of gravity's fundamental degrees of freedom.Comment: 19 pages no figures. Contribution to a festschrift in honor of Joshua
N. Goldber
Spectrum and Statistical Entropy of AdS Black Holes
Popular approaches to quantum gravity describe black hole microstates
differently and apply different statistics to count them. Since the
relationship between the approaches is not clear, this obscures the role of
statistics in calculating the black hole entropy. We address this issue by
discussing the entropy of eternal AdS black holes in dimension four and above
within the context of a midisuperspace model. We determine the black hole
eigenstates and find that they describe the quantization in half integer units
of a certain function of the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) mass and the
cosmological constant. In the limit of a vanishing cosmological constant (the
Schwarzschild limit) the quantized function becomes the horizon area and in the
limit of a large cosmological constant it approaches the ADM mass of the black
holes. We show that in the Schwarzschild limit the area quatization leads to
the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy if Boltzmann statistics are employed. In the
limit of a large cosmological constant the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy can be
recovered only via Bose statistics. The two limits are separated by a first
order phase transition, which seems to suggest a shift from "particle-like"
degrees of freedom at large cosmological constant to geometric degrees of
freedom as the cosmological constant approaches zero.Comment: 14 pages. No figures. Some references added. Version to appear in
Phys. Rev.
Role of hexagonal boron nitride in protecting ferromagnetic nanostructures from oxidation
Ferromagnetic contacts are widely used to inject spin polarized currents into
non-magnetic materials such as semiconductors or 2-dimensional materials like
graphene. In these systems, oxidation of the ferromagnetic materials poses an
intrinsic limitation on device performance. Here we investigate the role of
ex-situ transferred chemical vapour deposited hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as
an oxidation barrier for nanostructured cobalt and permalloy electrodes. The
chemical state of the ferromagnets was investigated using X-ray photoemission
electron microscopy owing to its high sensitivity and lateral resolution. We
have compared the oxide thickness formed on ferromagnetic nanostructures
covered by hBN to uncovered reference structures. Our results show that hBN
reduces the oxidation rate of ferromagnetic nanostructures suggesting that it
could be used as an ultra-thin protection layer in future spintronic devices.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure
The Quantum Stress-Tensor in Self-Similar Spherical Dust Collapse
We calculate the quantum stress tensor for a massless scalar field in the 2-d
self-similar spherical dust collapse model which admits a naked singularity. We
find that the outgoing radiation flux diverges on the Cauchy horizon. This may
have two consequences. The resultant back reaction may prevent the naked
singularity from forming, thus preserving cosmic censorship through quantum
effects. The divergent flux may lead to an observable signature differentiating
naked singularities from black holes in astrophysical observations.Comment: Latex File, 19 page
Do Naked Singularities Form?
A naked singularity is formed by the collapse of a Sine-Gordon soliton in 1+1
dimensional dilaton gravity with a negative cosmological constant. We examine
the quantum stress tensor resulting from the formation of the singularity.
Consistent boundary conditions require that the incoming soliton is accompanied
by a flux of incoming radiation across past null infinity, but neglecting the
back reaction of the spacetime leads to the absurd conclusion that the total
energy entering the system by the time the observer is able to receive
information from the singularity is infinite. We conclude that the back
reaction must prevent the formation of the naked singularity.Comment: 7 pages (21 Kb), PHYZZX. Revised version to appear in Class. & Quant.
Grav. Letts. A discussion of the consistency of the Sine-Gordon model is
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